<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh">
<head>
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>概念: 评估质量</title>
<meta content="Concept" name="uma.type">
<meta content="evaluating_quality" name="uma.name">
<meta content="评估质量" name="uma.presentationName">
<meta name="element_type" content="concept">
<meta content="description" name="filetype">
<meta name="role" content="">
<link type="text/css" href="./../../../css/default.css" rel="StyleSheet">
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="./../../../scripts/ContentPageResource.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="./../../../scripts/ContentPageSection.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="./../../../scripts/ContentPageSubSection.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="./../../../scripts/ContentPageToolbar.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="./../../../scripts/contentPage.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
					var backPath = './../../../';
					var imgPath = './../../../images/';
					var nodeInfo=[{view: "view:_LVCagP5WEdmAzesbYywanQ", path: ["_LVCagP5WEdmAzesbYywanQ", "_mp7z0DIDEdqwaNnSEheSAg", "_1yMJAN7YEdmjRZts2c4ZjQ", "{E0633E7D-9A93-40BA-9B8D-E27AD2C5D401}", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}, {view: "view:_LVCagP5WEdmAzesbYywanQ", path: ["_LVCagP5WEdmAzesbYywanQ", "_mp7z0DIDEdqwaNnSEheSAg", "_u2yEADIEEdqwaNnSEheSAg", "_yd3EzdnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}, {view: "view:_LVCagP5WEdmAzesbYywanQ", path: ["_LVCagP5WEdmAzesbYywanQ", "_4U33kAILEdq-_NKqZM1EhA", "_qIh6UABuEdqrKcHWz1HoWw", "{E0633E7D-9A93-40BA-9B8D-E27AD2C5D401}", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}, {view: "view:_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", path: ["_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", "_f6_YwN7DEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", "_1yMJAN7YEdmjRZts2c4ZjQ", "{E0633E7D-9A93-40BA-9B8D-E27AD2C5D401}", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}, {view: "view:_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", path: ["_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", "_f6_YwN7DEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", "_qIh6UABuEdqrKcHWz1HoWw", "{E0633E7D-9A93-40BA-9B8D-E27AD2C5D401}", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}, {view: "view:_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", path: ["_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", "_kC0pcN7GEdm8G6yT7-Wdqw", "_yd3EzdnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}, {view: "view:_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", path: ["_FCx1oN7CEdmsEI4YDGX2ag", "_jD8dUAIbEdqEutyfYo0quQ", "_vzRNgDIcEdqDs_9ORT1Rig", "4.3759923969778203E-305"]}];
					contentPage.preload(imgPath, backPath, nodeInfo,  '', false, false, false);
				</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="breadcrumbs"></div>
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><a name="Top"></a>
<div id="page-guid" value="4.3759923969778203E-305"></div>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td nowrap="true" class="pageTitle">概念：评估质量</td><td width="100%">
<div id="contentPageToolbar" align="right"></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td class="pageTitleSeparator"><img height="1" title="" alt="" src="./../../../images/shim.gif"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="overview">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="97%">
<tr>
<td width="50"><img title="" alt="" src="./../../../images/concept.gif"></td><td>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="overviewTable">
<tr>
<td valign="top">此指南描述了如何评估流程和产品质量。</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">关系</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="sectionTable">
<tr valign="top">
<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">相关元素</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="./../../../core.base_rup/roles/rup_test_manager_53B4DA8F.html" guid="{E0633E7D-9A93-40BA-9B8D-E27AD2C5D401}">测试管理员</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../../core.base_rup/disciplines/rup_test_discipline_9DFAFB2F.html" guid="_yd3EzdnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">测试</a>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sectionHeading">主要描述</div>
<div class="sectionContent">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="sectionTable">
<tr valign="top">
<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><a id="Top" name="Top"></a> 
<p>
    在整个产品生命周期中，将执行流程和产品质量的评测和评估来管理质量。还将在重大事件出现时（例如在阶段结束时），或者在创建工作产品时（例如在代码走查）进行质量评估。以下是在生命周期期间出现的不同评估。
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <a href="#Milestones and Status Assessments">里程碑和状态评估</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="#Inspections, Reviews, and Walkthroughs">检查、复审和走查</a>
    </li>
</ul>
<h3>
    <a id="Milestones and Status Assessments" name="Milestones and Status Assessments">里程碑和状态评估</a>
</h3>
<p>
    Rational Unified Process（RUP）中的每个阶段和迭代产生可执行产品（内部或外部）发行版或者开发中的最终产品子集，这些时刻将为以下目的执行评估：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        证明需求（和标准）达成
    </li>
    <li>
        同步预期目标
    </li>
    <li>
        将相关工作产品同步为基线
    </li>
    <li>
        确定风险
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    在每个 RUP 阶段（共四个阶段）结束时会出现主要里程碑，并验证是否已达到本阶段的目标。有四个主要里程碑：
</p>
<p align="center">
    <img height="156" alt="co_phas1.gif（4367 字节）" src="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/resources/co_phas1.gif" width="406" />
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/lifecycle_objectives_9E53DCF8.html" guid="_piIfsCVwEdqSZ9OimJ-AzA">生命周期目标里程碑</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/lifecycle_architecture_34313398.html" guid="_7z-fYCVwEdqSZ9OimJ-AzA">生命周期体系结构里程碑</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/initial_operational_capability_8DF28633.html" guid="_DEwlYCVxEdqSZ9OimJ-AzA">初始操作能力里程碑</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/product_release_8BCA935E.html" guid="_Pwn0ACVxEdqSZ9OimJ-AzA">产品发行版里程碑产品</a>
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    次要里程碑将出现在每个迭代的结论处，并侧重验证是否已达到迭代目标。状态评估是在迭代和／或阶段中，对发展中的进度的定期评估工作。
</p>
<p>
    另请参阅：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/task_86A4917F.html" guid="7.624729048911575E-305">概念：活动指南</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/work_product_18CEEF8D.html" guid="4.804531471620803E-306">概念：工件指南</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/work_product_18CEEF8D.html" guid="4.804531471620803E-306">概念：检查点</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/measuring_quality_DB514DCE.html" guid="6.598272130059516E-306">概念：评估质量</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/process_quality_BA2B2D83.html" guid="3.50818511362594E-305">概念：流程质量</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/concepts/product_quality_FBA62FF9.html" guid="1.4115637419216196E-305">概念：产品质量</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/disciplines/rup_project_management_discipline_F303DA84.html" guid="_yeA1y9nmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">项目管理简介</a>
    </li>
</ul>
<h3>
    <a id="Inspections, Reviews, and Walkthroughs" name="Inspections, Reviews, and Walkthroughs">检查、复审和走查</a>
</h3>
<p>
    检查、复审和走查是注重评估工作产品的特定技术，并且是改进开发流程的质量和生产力的十分有效的方法。应以会议形式完成这些工作，让一个角色充当协调人，让另一个角色记录说明（变更请求、结果和问题等）。
</p>
<p>
    IEEE 标准词汇表（1990 版）定义了以下三种工作：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <b>复审</b>
    </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
    <p>
        一种正式会议，在会议上向用户、客户或其他相关各方介绍一个或一组工作产品，以征求对方的意见和批准。
    </p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
    <li>
        <b>检查</b>
    </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
    <p>
        一种正式的评估技术，将由非制作者本人的个人或小组详细检查工作产品，以检测是否有错误、是否违反开发标准以及是否存在其他问题。
    </p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
    <li>
        <b>走查</b>
    </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
    <p>
        一个复审过程，由某个开发人员领导一个或多个开发团队成员对某开发人员编写的一段工作产品进行检查；同时，由其他成员就技术、风格、可能的错误、是否违反开发标准和其他问题进行提问并给出意见。
    </p>
</blockquote>
<p>
    请参阅<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../../core.base_rup/guidances/guidelines/reviews_9FA4EDE.html" guid="2.981757544469536E-306">指南：复审</a>以获取关于执行检查、复审和走查的其他信息。
</p><br />
<br /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="copyright">
<tr>
<td class="copyright"><p>
    &copy; &nbsp;Copyright IBM Corp.&nbsp;1987, 2006. &nbsp;All Rights Reserved.
</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
				contentPage.onload();
			</script>
</html>
